Overview of Major Global Dry Bulk Shipping Routes and Grain Import/Export Ports (By Cargo Type) 全球干散货主要航线及粮食进出口港口图鉴2（按货物类型区分）

The Significant Market Share of Dry Bulk Shipping

干散货航运市场份额巨大

The maritime market has become an indispensable part of international trade thanks to the deepening of globalization. The maritime market includes various sectors such as container shipping, oil tanker shipping, and dry bulk shipping. Among these, the dry bulk market stands out as it can transport a diverse range of goods. Dry bulk shipping is the primary mode of transportation for bulk commodities, with iron ore, coal, and grain accounting for nearly 62% of the market share.

随着全球化的深入发展，海运市场已经成为国际贸易中不可或缺的组成部分。海运市场包括集装箱、油轮、干散货等多个分支市场，相对于其他海运分支市场，干散货市场可以运输的货物种类更加多样，干散货运输是大宗商品最主要的运输形式，铁矿石、煤炭和粮食谷物三类货物占比接近62%。

In the previous passage, we presented the main dry bulk shipping routes based on different ship types, including the Handy size bulk carrier, the Ultramax bulk carrier, the Panamax bulk carrier, and the Capesize bulk carrier.

上一期，EPORTS根据干散货船的载重量大小的不同船型，即【灵便型散货船】、【超灵便型】、【巴拿马型散货船】、【好望角型散货船】这四种船型给大家分享了干散货航线图鉴。 

 In this passage, we will introduce the main routes of global dry bulk cargo and the main grain import and export ports by cargo type.

本期EPORTS为大家介绍一下关于不同货物类型的全球干散货的主要航线及其主要粮食进出口港口。

 Dry Bulk Shipping Routes by Cargo Type

不同货物的干散货航线图鉴

 1. Iron Ore

一、【铁矿石】

Iron ore represents the highest volume of dry bulk cargo in maritime trade. The market is relatively concentrated, with Brazil and Australia leading as the top exporters, contributing over 82% of the total exports. Other exporters include countries in South America and Chile. The major importer is China, followed by Far Eastern nations such as Japan and Korea, as well as European countries.

铁矿石是海运贸易量最大的干散货。铁矿贸易集中度相对较高，出口国以巴西和澳大利亚为主，合计出口占比超过82%，其它出口国包括澳大利亚、巴西、南美、智利；进口国以中国为主，还包括日韩等远东国家和欧洲国家。 

Australia to the Far East and Europe

澳大利亚至远东和欧洲

 India to the Far East

印度至远东

 South Africa to the Far East and Europe

南非至远东和欧洲

 Brazil to the Far East, Europe, and Argentina

巴西至远东、欧洲和阿根廷

Chile to the Far East

智利至远东

Norway to Europe

挪威至欧洲

The Black Sea to the Far East

黑海至远东

 2. Coal

二、【煤炭】

Coal, often referred to as “black gold” and the “lifeblood of industry”, accounts for about 25% of the total volume of dry bulk maritime transportation. Its stable supply is vital for both domestic energy security and the global industrial and societal stability. Leading coal exporters include Australia, Indonesia, South Africa, Colombia, and Canada, while the main importers are Far Eastern countries such as China, Japan, and European nations. The relevant shipping routes are shown below.

煤炭的海上运输量占据干散货海上运输总量的25%左右，被人们誉为黑色的金子，工业的食粮。煤炭的供应关系到全球的工业乃至整个社会方方面面的发展的稳定，煤炭的供应安全问题也是我国能源安全中最重要的一环。煤炭的出口国包括澳大利亚、印尼、南非、哥伦比亚、加拿大等，主要的进口国为中、日等远东国家以及欧洲国家，相应的航线如下图所示。 

Australia to the Far East and Europe

澳大利亚至远东和欧洲

 Australia/India to South Africa

澳大利亚/印度至南非

 Indonesia to the Far East and Europe

印度尼西亚至远东和欧洲

 South Africa to the Far East and Europe

南非至远东和欧洲

 Colombia to Europe

哥伦比亚至欧洲

 The West Coast of Canada to the Far East

加拿大西岸至远东

 3. Wheat

三、【小麦】

Oil dictates the future of nations, grain dictates the fate of humanity, and currency dictates the global economy. The statement underscores the significance of the grain. The grain trade, an integral component of agricultural commerce, has experienced steady growth worldwide since the beginning of the 21st century, with wheat emerging as the most traded grain globally. Major wheat exporters include the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, Russia, and China, while the main importers are countries in the Far East, Europe, and Africa. The relevant shipping routes are shown below.

谁控制了石油，就控制了所有国家;谁控制了粮食，就控制了人类;谁控制了货币，就控制了全球经济，粮食的地位可见一斑。粮食贸易是农产品贸易的重要构成部分。21世纪以来，世界粮食贸易规模逐步扩大，且呈平稳上升态势，小麦是世界粮食贸易中规模最大的品种，小麦的出口国包括美国、巴西、阿根廷、澳大利亚、俄罗斯、中国等，主要的进口国包括远东国家、欧洲国家、非洲国家等，相应的航线如下图所示。 

North America to the Far East, the Middle East, and Europe

北美至远东，中东和欧洲

 Australia to the Far East and the Middle East

澳大利亚至远东和中东

The East Coast of South America to the Far East and Europe

南美东岸至远东和欧洲

The UK/Continental Europe to the Middle East and North America

英国/欧洲大陆至中东和北美

The Black Sea to the Middle East

黑海至中东

4. Soybean

四、【大豆】

The primary soybean exporters are the USA, Brazil, and Argentina, while major importers include the Far East countries and European countries. The relevant shipping routes are shown below.

大豆的出口国主要是美国、巴西、阿根廷等，主要的进口国包括远东国家、欧洲国家等，相应的航线如下图所示。 

The Gulf of Mexico/Mississippi River to the Far East, the Middle East, and Europe

美湾/密西西比河至远东，中东和欧洲

 Brazil to the Far East and Europe

巴西至远东和欧洲

 Argentina to the Far East and Europe

阿根廷至远东和欧洲

 Major Global Ports for Bulk Commodity Transportation

全球大宗商品主要运输港口 

Dry bulk commodities are generally categorized into major and minor bulks. Major dry bulk commodities, such as iron ore, coal, and grains, account for nearly twothirds of global dry bulk trade while minor bulks, such as steel products, sugar, and cement, make up the remaining third.

干散货商品通常分为两大类：大宗散货和小宗散货。主要干散货商品的一些例子包括铁矿石、煤炭和谷物。这些主要散货占全球干散货贸易的近三分之二。小宗散货包括钢铁产品、糖、水泥，占全球干散货贸易的其余三分之一。

Globally, coal and iron ore are leading dry bulk commodities, with significant imports by India, China, and Japan for energy and electricity. Grains, a crucial commodity, also make up a substantial portion of the total global dry bulk maritime trade.

煤炭和铁矿石是世界上交易量最大的干散货商品之一。为满足一次能源和电力需求而进口煤炭最多的国家是印度、中国和日本。就海运干散货贸易而言，谷物是另一种主要货物，占全球干散货贸易总量的很大一部分。

Major Global Grain Import/Export Ports

全球主要粮食进出口港口

Australia: Port of Fremantle (port code AUFR), Port of Adelaide (port code AUADL), Port of Brisbane (port code AUBRI), Port of Melbourne (port code AUMEL), Port of Newcastle (port code CANEW)

澳大利亚：弗里曼特尔港（港口代码AUFR）、阿德莱德港（港口代码AUADL）、布里斯班港（港口代码AUBRI）、墨尔本港（港口代码AUMEL）、纽卡斯尔港（港口代码CANEW）

 Brazil: Port of Salvador (port code BRSAL), Port of Santos (port code BRSTS), Port of Paranagua (port code BRPAR), Port of Fortaleza (port code BRFOR), Port of Manaus (port code BRMAN), Port of Rio de Janeiro (port code BRRDJ), Port of Rio Grande (port code BRRGR)

巴西： 萨尔瓦多港（港口代码BRSAL）、桑托斯港（港口代码BRSTS）、帕拉纳瓜港（港口代码BRPAR）、福塔莱萨（港口代码BRFOR）、马瑙斯（港口代码BRMAN）、里约热内卢（港口代码BRRDJ）、里奥格兰德（港口代码BRRGR） 

Russia: Port of Sochi (port code RUSOC), Port of Novorossiysk (port code RUNOV), Port of St. Petersburg (port code RULED), Port of Vostok (port code RUVOS), Port of Arkhangelsk (port code RUARC)

俄罗斯：索契港（港口代码RUSOC）、新罗西斯克（港口代码RUNOV）、圣彼得堡（港口代码RULED）、东方港（港口代码RUVOS）、阿尔汉格尔港（港口代码RUARC） 

Egypt: Port of Alexandria (port code EGALE), Port Said (port code EGPSA), Port of Ras Gharib (port code EGRGB)

埃及： 亚历山大港（港口代码EGALE）、塞得港（港口代码EGPSA）、拉斯加里卜（港口代码EGRGB） 

Japan: Port of Fukuoka (Port Code JPFKA), Port of Ube (Port Code JPUBE), Port of Osaka (Port Code JPOSK), Port of Tokyo (Port Code JPTYO), Port of Nagoya (Port Code JPNAG), Port of Kobe (Port Code JPUKB) 

日本：福冈（港口代码JPFKA）、宇部港（港口代码JPUBE）、大阪港（港口代码JPOSK）、东京港（港口代码JPTYO）、名古屋（港口代码JPNAG）、神户港（港口代码JPUKB）

USA: Port of New Orleans (Port Code USNOL), Port of Long Beach (Port Code USLGB), Port of Savannah (Port Code USSAV), Port of Norfolk (Port Code USNFK), Port of Oakland (Port Code USOAK)

美国：新奥尔良港（港口代码USNOL）、长滩港（港口代码USLGB）、萨凡纳港（港口代码USSAV）、诺福克港（港口代码USNFK）、奥克兰港（港口代码USOAK） 

China: Tianjin Port (Port Code CNTNJ), Tangshan Port (Port Code CNCFD), Qinhuangdao Port (Port Code CNBPE), Huanghua Port (Port Code CNHUH), Dalian Port (Port Code CNDAL), Dandong Port (Port Code CNDDG), Yingkou Port (Port Code CNBYQ), Jinzhou Port (Port Code CNJIN), Nanjing Port (Port Code CNNKG), Lianyang Port (Port Code CNNKG), Nanjing Port (Port Code CNNKG), Nanjing Port (Port Code CNNKG), Lianyang Port (Port Code CNNKG), Nanjing Port (Port Code CNNKG) Code CNNKG), Lianyungang Port (Port Code CNLYG), Zhoushan Port (Port Code CNZOS), Xiamen Port (Port Code CNXMN), Ningbo Port (Port Code CNNGB), Fuzhou Port (Port Code CNFUZ), Qingdao Port (Port Code CNTAO), Yantai Port (Port Code CNYAN), Guangzhou Port (Port Code CNCAN), Humen Port (port code CNHMN), Shekou Port (port code CNSHK), Beihai Port(port code CNBBW), Shanghai Port (port code CNSHA) (Not all ports are listed)

中国：天津港（港口代码CNTNJ）、唐山港（港口代码CNCFD）、秦皇岛港（港口代码CNBPE）、黄骅港（港口代码 CNHUH）、大连港（港口代码CNDAL）、丹东港（港口代码CNDDG）、营口港（港口代码CNBYQ）、锦州港（港口代码CNJIN）、南京港（港口代码CNNKG）、连云港港（港口代码CNLYG）、舟山港（港口代码CNZOS）、厦门港（港口代码CNXMN）、宁波港（港口代码CNNGB）、福州港（港口代码CNFUZ）、青岛港（港口代码CNTAO）、烟台港（港口代码CNYAN）、广州港（港口代码CNCAN）、虎门港（港口代码CNHMN）、蛇口港（港口代码CNSHK）、北海（港口代码CNBBW）、上海港（港口代码CNSHA）（仅列举部分港口）

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