Four Crew Members Missing after Cargo Ship Capsized in Korsakov Port Due to 0verloading 突发！货船在科萨科夫港超载倾覆！四名船员失踪！

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The Russian Maritime Rescue Service (RMRS) reported that on October 18 local time, a small general cargo ship capsized near the port of Korsakov on the southern tip of Sakhalin Island in Russian Far East. After the accident, the port master of Korsakov responded quickly and immediately dispatched four nearby rescue vessels for rescue. Three crew members were successfully rescued, however, four crew members are still missing.

俄罗斯海上救援局（RMRS）报告称，当地时间10月18日，一艘小型杂货船在俄罗斯远东萨哈林岛南端的科萨科夫港附近倾覆。事故发生后，科萨科夫港务长迅速响应，立即派出附近四艘救援船进行营救，三名船员成功获救，然而，仍有四名船员下落不明。

The cargo ship had a carrying capacity of 200 deadweight tons, was 135 feet (41 meters) long, and was carrying 7 crew members at the time. It was reported that the ship was loaded with a batch of important construction materials. However, the authorities found that the ship was overloaded during the voyage, and the sand and gravel on board may have moved during the voyage. This unstable load distribution eventually led to the capsizing of the ship.

该杂货船拥有200载重吨的承载能力，长135英尺（41米），当时载有 7 名船员。据报道称，当时船上装载的是一批重要的建筑材料，然而，当局在调查中发现，这艘船在航行时存在超载的问题，船上的沙子和砾石在航行过程中可能发生了移动，这种不稳定的载荷分布最终导致了船只的倾覆。

There are many reasons for the capsizing of ships, and overloading is one of the important factors. The actual load of the ship exceeds its approved maximum allowable limit, which will affect the stability and buoyancy of the ship, thereby increasing the risk of capsizing.

船只倾覆的原因有很多，超载就是其中一个重要因素。船只的实际装载量超过其核定的最大容许限度，会导致船只的稳定性和浮力受到影响，从而增加倾覆的风险。

The hazards of overloading in ship translation are multifaceted. First, overloading reduces steering performance, making it difficult for ships to turn, thus increasing the risk of water traffic accidents. For a ship, when fully loaded at the same speed, the steering force is fixed, and the main factor affecting the ship's maneuverability is the lateral resistance of the water flow against the ship. Since the longitudinal cross-section of the ship increases when it is overloaded, the lateral resistance to turning is greater than when loaded normally, making it relatively difficult for the ship to turn and more prone to water traffic accidents.

船舶超载运输的危害性是多方面的。首先，超载降低了操舵性能，使船舶转向困难，从而增加了水上交通事故的风险。对一艘船舶来说，在满载情况下，当船速相同时，舵的操纵力是固定的，影响船舶回转性的因素主要是水流对船舶的横向阻力。由于船舶超载时的纵向截面增大，转向横向阻力比正常装载时要大，船舶转向相对比较困难，容易发生水上交通事故。

Secondly, overloading increases the full-load draft. Due to the limitations of the waterway depth and width, the draft depth of the ship under severe overloading is several tens of centimeters different from the approved full-load draft. This makes the ship prone to accidents such as grounding, damage, and sinking, or when the ship deviates from the main channel when it is normally avoiding the ship or taking emergency measures in unexpected situation. Because the channel is shallow on both sides and deep in the middle, the above accidents are also likely to occur.

其次，超载增加了满载吃水。由于航道水深和宽度的限制，船舶严重超载情况下的吃水与核定满载吃水之间的吃水深度相差几十厘米。这使得船舶容易发生搁浅、触损、沉船等事故，或在正常避让船舶或发生意外采取紧急措施时，船舶偏离主航道，由于航道两边浅、中间深，也极易发生上述事故。

In addition, in ship design, the distance between the full-load waterline and the main deck edge is called the ship's freeboard height, and the buoyancy provided by the watertight space in the cabin above the full-load waterline is called the reserve buoyancy. Overloading of ships leads to a reduction in the ship’s freeboard height and a decrease in reserve buoyancy. Once a ship encounters an accident, it is very likely to lead to water ingress, causing the ship to sink rapidly and resulting in the tragedy of shipwrecks and loss of life.

此外，船舶设计中，满载水线低于主甲板边线的一定距离称为船舶干舷高度，满载水线以上的舱内水密空间所提供的浮力称为储备浮力。船舶超载运输导致船舶干舷高度降低，储备浮力减少。船舶一旦发生意外时，就极易导致船体进水，船舶会迅速下沉，造成船沉人亡的悲剧。

The main reasons for ship overloading include the shipowner being driven by economic interests. Some shipowners mistakenly believe that the faster they go and the more they carry, the better the benefits and the more income they will have. They pursue economic benefits one-sidedly and have the mentality of "making money by overloading". Some responsible persons who have purchased insurance for the ship mistakenly believe that the insurance company will compensate in case of an accident, neglecting the harm of overloading in thought and action. At the same time, a lack of safety and law awareness among crew members is also an important reason. Some crew members will take a chance, thinking that they can successfully reach the destination port with a few more tons of cargo, but ignoring the illegality of overloading and the harm to the safety of life and property.

导致船舶超载的主要原因包括船东受经济利益驱动。有的船东错误地认为跑得越快、装得越多，效益就越好，收入就越多，片面追求经济效益，产生了“要赚钱、靠超载”的心理。有些为船舶购买了保险的负责人更错误地认为出了事故保险公司会赔偿，从思想和行动上忽视了超载的危害性。同时，船员安全、法治意识淡薄也是一个重要原因。有的船员会抱着侥幸心理，认为多超几吨货也能顺利到达目的港，却忽视了超载运输的违法性和对生命财产安全的危害性。

Therefore, it is crucial to take measures to prevent ship overloading. First, the cargo should be loaded according to the maximum load line water gauge allowed by the ship, and the reasonably stowed. Secondly, when passing through the intermediate refueling port, the refueling plan should be reasonably arranged in advance, considering the remaining buoyancy of the ship to avoid overloading due to refueling. In addition, passing through different load line areas may cause the ship to be overloaded. Therefore, when designing the route, the load line requirements of this voyage must be considered. Finally, for Chinese seagoing ships, the load line is also related to the navigation area and season. The summer load line will have a smaller maximum draft than the tropical load line. If the ship continues to use the tropical load line, it will cause the ship to be overloaded, reduce the ship's ability to cope with bad weather, and seriously threaten the safety of life and property of the ship and crew. Therefore, this also reminds us that the load line should be replaced in time according to its navigation area and season.

因此，采取措施防止船舶超载至关重要。首先，应按照船舶允许的最大载重线水尺来装载货物，合理配积载。其次，途经中间加油港时，应事先合理安排好加油计划，考虑船舶的剩余浮力，避免因加油而导致超载。此外，途经不同的载重线区域可能会造成船舶超载，因此在设计航线时，必须考虑本航次的载重线要求，确保整个航次都必须符合载重线要求。最后，对于国内航行海船来说，载重线还与航行区域、季节有关。夏季载重线相对于热带载重线，船舶最大吃水会变小，如果船舶继续使用热带载重线会造成船舶超载，降低船舶应对恶劣天气的能力，严重威胁船舶和船员的生命财产安全。所以，这也提醒我们，应按照其航行区域和季节及时更换载重线。

In addition to overloading, factors that cause the ship to capsize also include cargo weight distribution, weather conditions and crew operations.

除了超载外，船只倾覆的因素还包括货物重量分布、天气条件和船员操作。

Factor 1:Cargo Weight Distribution‌

货物重量分布

During maritime transportation, the weight distribution of cargo is crucial to the stability of the ship. Uneven weight distribution changes the position of the ship's center of gravity, causing it to deviate from the intended position when it was designed. This shift will reduce the initial stability of the ship, making it more likely to shake or tilt when encountering wind and waves. If the ship's tilt angle is too large, it may cause capsizing. In addition, uneven distribution of cargo weight may also damage the local strength of the ship. In areas where the weight is concentrated, the hull may be deformed or damaged due to excessive pressure, which will further reduce the stability and safety of the ship. It is worth noting that if the cargo is not properly fixed and lashed, they may move during navigation, and this movement may be exacerbated when the ship is subjected to external forces, thereby increasing the risk of the ship capsizing, just like the cargo ship mentioned above. The draft and center of buoyancy of the ship will also be affected by the uneven weight distribution, causing the ship to be unbalanced during navigation.

在海上运输过程中，货物的重量分布对于船只的稳定性至关重要。不均匀的重量分布会改变船只的重心位置，使其偏离设计时的预期位置。这种重心的偏移会导致船舶的初始稳定性降低，使得船舶在遇到风浪时更容易发生摇晃或倾斜。如果船舶的倾斜角度过大，可能会导致倾覆。此外，货物重量分布不均还可能导致船舶的局部强度受损。在重量集中的区域，船体可能会因为承受过大的压力而发生变形或损坏，这会进一步降低船舶的稳定性和安全性。值得注意的是，如果货物没有被正确地固定和绑扎，它们在航行过程中可能会发生移动，这种移动可能会在船舶受到外力作用时加剧，从而增加船舶倾覆的风险，就如同上述货船。船舶的吃水和浮心位置也会受到重量分布不均的影响，导致船只在航行过程中出现船体不平衡现象。

Factor 2:Severe Weather Conditions

恶劣天气条件

Storms and hurricanes are natural weather disasters that occur frequently on the sea surface, and they are also a test for the stability of the ship. When encountering a storm at sea, the visibility on the sea surface is reduced, and the maneuverability of the ship will also be reduced, especially for large cargo ships, turning becomes difficult. Secondly, in the environment of strong winds and waves, the shaking of the ship is aggravated. If the cargo is not tied in place, the heavy cargo is prone to shifting, resulting in the failure of the lashing and causing the ship to list or capsize. In addition, long-term exposure to bad weather may cause the cargo to deteriorate in its fixed condition and move inside the ship, adding additional force.

暴风雨和飓风是海面频发的自然天气灾害，其对船只的稳定性也是一种考验。在海上遭遇暴风雨时，海面能见度降低，船舶的操纵性能也会降低，特别是对于大型货船来说，转向变得困难。其次，在大风大浪的环境下，船只的摇晃加剧，如果货物绑扎不到位，重型货物容易发生移位，导致绑扎失效，进而造成船舶侧倾或侧翻。除此之外，长时间暴露在恶劣天气下可能会导致货物固定状况恶化，并在船内移动，增加额外受力.

Factor 3:Improper Crew Operations

船员操作不当

A potential factor for the capsizing of the ship is improper crew operations. Firstly, if the crew does not strictly follow the operating procedures when loading cargo, it will lead to improper stowage or inadequate lashing, thereby reducing the stability of the cargo ship. At the same time, the operation of the crew is particularly critical when encountering storms. They need to adjust the route in time, increase ballast or take other measures to improve the stability of the ship to resist the impact of bad weather. Therefore, regular training and education can help improve the professional skills, emergency response capabilities and psychological quality of the crew in the face of emergencies.

船只倾覆的一个潜在因素就是船员的不当操作。首先，如果船员在装货时没有严格遵守操作规范，就会导致货物积载不当或系固不牢，从而降低货船的稳定性。与此同时，在遭遇暴风雨时，船员的操作尤为关键。他们需要及时调整航线、增加压载或采取其他措施来提高船舶的稳定性，以抵御恶劣天气的影响。所以，定期的培训和教育有助于提高船员的专业技能、应急反应能力和面对突发状况的心理素质。

In order to prevent the capsizing of the ship, it is necessary to ensure that the cargo is properly stowed and tied, improve the professional skills and emergency response capabilities of the crew, pay close attention to weather changes, and take appropriate preventive measures. Through these efforts, the risk of ship capsizing can be minimized and the safety of maritime transportation can be guaranteed.

为了预防船只倾覆，需要确保货物正确积载和绑扎，提高船员的专业技能和应急反应能力，并密切关注天气变化，采取适当的预防措施。通过这些努力，可以最大限度地减少船只倾覆的风险，保障海上运输的安全。

With the global economic integration, the shipping industry is booming, maritime transportation is becoming increasingly busy, the number of ships is increasing, and the corresponding number of crew members has also increased significantly. The number of crew rescue incidents is on the rise. The importance of professional rescue platforms is becoming more and more prominent. E-PORTS has rich experience in crew rescue and has successfully handled many emergency rescue cases. In addition, E-PORTS also provides reliable refueling services and assists in handling marine oil pollution incidents and port negotiation affairs. If you have any needs, you can call 400-9208810 for consultation.

随着全球经济一体化，航运业蓬勃发展，海上运输日益繁忙，船只数量不断增加，相应的船员数量也大幅增长，船员救助事件在数量上呈上升趋势。专业的救助平台的重要性日益凸显，E-PORTS拥有丰富的船员救助经验，曾成功处理多起紧急救助案件。除此之外，E-PORTS还提供可靠的加油服务，并协助处理海上油污污染事件及港口协商事务。如有需求，可拨打400-9208810咨询。