Revised Ship Traffic Regulations For Turkish Straits Come Into Force 修订！土耳其海峡海上交通法规2月1日即将生效！

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According to local reports in Türkiye, in a letter by the Turkish Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, the Directive of Maritime Traffic Regulations for Turkish Straits which is set to enter into force on 1 February has been revised.

According to the letter, the important changes in the regulations are as follows:-

1. a) If the pilot of the ship that will embark the ship to transit the Straits does not find the pilot ladder to comply with the rules, the Strait passage of the ship will be cancelled and the port authority will be notified and the ship will be rescheduled after preparing the appropriate pilot ladder.
2. b) For piling barges, crane barges, mud barges, etc., towed by Turkish-flagged tugboats belonging to companies engaged in submarine water services and port construction with a total towing length of up to 90 meters, the agent of the vessel can apply to the relevant port authority or if the passage will be through both Straits (Bosporus or Dardanelles), only to the Istanbul Regional Port Authority and will request the determination of notified transit conditions; the towing vessel which will pass with notification will pass through the Straits at a speed of at least 4 nm relative to the land and during the daylight, taking into consideration the meteorological conditions.
3. c) In order to support the green transformation in maritime, the requirement for additional escort tugboats or additional tugboat power for dual-fuel propelled ships that can use another substance as fuel along with LNG has been abolished.
4. d) It is strongly recommended that ships carrying dangerous cargo with 200 meters length and abovethat will pass through the Dardanelles should take a tugboat, and all ships with length 200 meters and above should take a pilot.
5. e) According to the official applications at least 48 hours before transiting to be made by the port facilities where the laden vessels calling the strategically important petroleum refineries, LNG /LPG terminals and energy plants or by the shipyards where the vessels calling for repair or maintenance with a written contract, the ship can be given priority to transit the Turkish straits based on the evaluation of the Directorate of General Maritime.
6. f) A ship that has a malfunction in the Sea of Marmara and will pass a Turkish Strait after repairing the malfunction will be surveyed by the local port authority where the vessel will transit or by a classification society.

据土耳其当地报道，在土耳其交通和基础设施部的一封信中，对将于2月1日生效的《土耳其海峡海上船舶交通法规指令》进行了修订。

根据信函，法规的重要变化如下：

a） 如果即将登船穿越海峡的船舶引航员没有找到符合规则的引航梯，该船将被取消海峡通行，并通知港务局，并在准备适当的引航梯后重新安排船舶。

b） 对于由悬挂土耳其国旗、属于从事海底水上服务和港口建设的公司的拖船拖曳的打桩驳船、起重驳船、泥驳船等，总拖曳长度不超过 90 米，船舶代理人可以向有关港务当局申请，如果通航时需穿越两个海峡（博斯普鲁斯海峡或达达尼尔海峡）， 则仅向伊斯坦布尔地区港务局提出申请，并请求确定已通知的通航条件；考虑到气象条件，经通知通过的拖船将在白天以相对于陆地至少 4 海里的速度通过海峡。

c） 为支持海运绿色转型，对于可使用LNG以外的其他物质作为燃料的双燃料推进船舶，不再要求配备额外的护航拖船或额外的拖船动力。

d） 强烈建议长度 200 米及以上的载运危险货物的船舶在通过达达尼尔海峡时使用拖船，所有长度为200米及以上的船舶均应配备引航员。

e） 根据载货船舶在通过具有战略意义的炼油厂、液化天然气/液化石油气码头和能源厂的港口设施或船舶维修或保养的造船厂时，至少在通行前 48 小时提出正式申请，根据海事总局的评估，船舶可优先通过土耳其海峡。

f） 在马尔马拉海发生故障并在修复故障后通过土耳其海峡的船舶将由船舶通过地的当地港务局或船级社进行检验。

Import and Export Shipping Precautions to Turkey

Turkey, as a country spanning the continents of Europe and Asia, exhibits a diversity in religious beliefs and ethnic customs. According to relevant statistical data, imports from China account for a significant proportion of Turkey's imports.

进出口土耳其货运注意事项

土耳其作为一个横跨欧亚大陆的国家，从宗教信仰和民族习惯都呈现多样性。从相关统计的数据中来看，土耳其进口中国货物的占比呈一定的比重。

1. Payment Collection

The safest method of payment is a sight letter of credit. A letter of credit is the most secure form of payment in international trade, and the safest among them. Therefore, it is widely used in international trade operations. A sight letter of credit allows for payment upon presentation of a sight draft or documents. Because of its lower risk, it is also a preferred mode of operation for banks, whereas a usance letter of credit carries a higher risk for banks, making it more difficult to obtain. When doing business with Turkish merchants, even if you have to pay more, you should strive to use a sight letter of credit as a payment method.

一、收汇

最为安全的支付方式是即期信用证，信用证是国际贸易中最为安全的支付方式，而即期信用又是信用证中最安全的一种付款方式，所以在国际贸易操作中，即期信用证使用的比较多。所谓即期信用证就是即期付款的信用证，也就是说可以凭即期跟单汇票或者单据收取货款的信用证。因为即期信用证的风险较小，所以也是银行比较喜欢的操作模式，而远期信用证对于银行而言风险较大，所以在银行开具远期信用证的难度也比较大。和土耳其商人交易，哪怕让一些价格，也要争取即期信用证作为付款方式。

1. Customs Policy

1.If goods remain in customs for more than four months, the customs authorities may treat the batch as ownerless goods and have the right to auction them.

2.According to Turkish customs regulations, if there are issues with the goods upon arrival at the port and they need to be returned or transshipped, a formal “Notice of Refusal to Accept Goods” issued by the consignee is required.

3.If goods are auctioned by customs for various reasons, the original importer has the first right to purchase, making them the first buyer. (Please note that many unscrupulous Turkish businesses take advantage of this regulation, using various tactics to delay, leading to customs auctions, where these dishonest traders can buy at low prices.)

4.Customs clearance deadlines:

1)For sea freight, within 45 days from the date of submission of the customs declaration.

2)For goods transported by other means, within 20 days from the date of submission of the customs declaration.

Additionally, in necessary cases, the General Directorate of Customs can shorten or extend the aforementioned deadlines, usually up to a maximum of 30 days.

二、海关政策

1、如果入境货物在海关放置4个月以上，海关可以将该批货物视为无主货物处理，并且有权进行拍卖。

2、根据土耳其海关规定，货物到达港口之后，如果出现问题，需要将货物拉回来或者转运，必须要有收货人出具的正式的“拒绝收货通知”。

3、如果货物由于各种原因被海关拍卖，那么原来的进口商是第一个有权进行购买的，也就是第一购买人。(这点请注意，很多土耳其的不法企业就是抓住了这条规定，采用各种手段拖延时间，导致最后海关拍卖，这些不法商贩就用很低的价格买进)

4、海关规定的清关期限：

1）海运货物，从报关单递交之日起45天内；

2）通过其它运输工具的货物，从报关单递交之日起20天内。

此外，在必要情况下，海关总署可缩短或延长上述期限，一般最多可延长30天

1. Issues Regarding Contract and Customs Declaration Certification

According to regulations set by the Turkish government, to reduce instances of undervalued customs declarations, misdeclaration of goods, and other tax evasion practices by importers, there is an unwritten rule: for import goods from the Far East (including China), the import customs declaration requires both the sales contract and the export customs declaration to be certified by the Turkish Embassy or Consulate in China. This is especially important if the letter of credit terms require contract certification. Export companies should ideally have their documents certified by the Turkish Embassy or Consulate in China and complete the necessary procedures to facilitate smooth payment collection for exporters and smooth customs clearance for importers.

三、有关合同和报关单的认证问题

根据土耳其政府的规定，政府为减少进口商的低值报关、错报商品等偷税漏税现象，有一条潜规则：针对远东国家(包括中国)的进口货物，进口报关申报均要求销售合同和出口报关单经土耳其驻华使馆和领馆认证。尤其是在信用证条款中有认证合同要求的，一定要有认证才行。出口公司最好经土耳其驻华使馆和领馆认证，并且办理好相关手续，以便出口商顺利结汇和进口商顺利清关。

1. Other Relevant Information

四、其他相关信息

1.Related Websites

Turkish currency and exchange rate information:

www.tradingview.com

Import tariff inquiry website:

https://ticaret.gov.tr/ithalat/gumruk-vergileri

Turkish language translation tool:

https://eksisozluk.com/

Turkey Ministry of Trade:

https://ticaret.gov.tr/

Turkey Ministry of Customs and Trade:

https://trade.gov.tr

1、相关网站

土耳其货币与汇率信息查询：

www.tradingview.com

进口关税查询网站：

https://ticaret.gov.tr/ithalat/gumruk-vergileri

土耳其语翻译工具：

https://eksisozluk.com/

土耳其贸易部：

https://ticaret.gov.tr/

土耳其海关总署：

https://trade.gov.tr

2.Major Turkish Ports

Istanbul: The largest sea port in Turkey, located about 20 km from the airport with daily flights to destinations worldwide, mainly following the eastern Mediterranean route.

Izmir: Located on the southeastern shore of the Gulf of Izmir on the western coast of Turkey, bordering the eastern side of the Aegean Sea, it is the largest port in western Turkey, mainly following the northern Mediterranean route.

Mersin: On the northeastern side of the Mediterranean, it is the largest port in southern Turkey, the capital of the province of Mersin, with the port area about 75 km from the airport and domestic flights available, mainly following the eastern Mediterranean route.

Samsun: The largest port on the Black Sea coast of Turkey, mainly following the eastern Mediterranean route.

2、土耳其主要港口

伊斯坦布尔（Istanbu）：土耳其的最大海港，港口距机场约20km，每天有定期航班飞往世界各地，航线主要走地中海东线

伊兹密尔（Izmir）：位于土耳其西部沿海伊兹密尔湾东南岸，濒临爱琴海东侧，是土耳其西部的最大港口，航线主要走地中海北岸

梅尔辛（Mersin）：濒临地中海的东北侧，是土耳其南部的最大港口，伊切尔省省会，港区距机场约75km，有国内定期航班，航线主要走地东线

萨姆松（Samsun）：土耳其黑海沿岸最大港口，航线主要走地东线

3.Customs Clearance Documents

1)Bill of Lading

2)Packing List

3)Invoice

4)Certificate of Origin: Types of certificate of origin are CO or Form A, to be processed according to customer requirements.

3、清关单据

1）提单

2）箱单

3）发票

4）产地证：产地证种类为CO或Form A，根据客户要求办理

4.Export Precautions

1)Firearms, dangerous materials, and other products can only be imported by authorized institutions or require approval from relevant Turkish government agencies.

2)Food and agricultural product imports require an import license and a plant quarantine certificate.

3)Plants, seeds, live animals, and animal products require special health certificates.

4)The import of precious metals or stones (e.g., gold and platinum) can only be done by members of the precious metals exchange operated by the Istanbul Stock Exchange.

4、出口注意事项

1）枪支，危险材料和其他产品，这些物品只能由授权机构进口，或者需要获得土耳其相关政府机构的批准

2）食品和农产品进口需要进口许可证和植物检疫证书

3）植物，种子，活体动物和动物产品需要特别的健康证明

4）贵金属或石材的进口贵金属（例如，黄金和铂金）只能由伊斯坦布尔证券交易所经营的贵金属交易所的成员进口

E-PORTS is a third-party platform with abundant port and shipping resources. It systematically studies and organizes information on the latest charts, relevant laws and regulations, navigation management, pilotage, special navigation requirements, and regional natural environments of the world's major port waters. Combining practical navigation experience, it provides targeted suggestions and precautions for entering and leaving ports, greatly improving the efficiency of ships' arrival and entry into ports. For more information on ports near the Turkish Straits, please call 400-9208810 for consultation.

E-PORTS是拥有丰富港航资源的第三方平台，系统研究和梳理了世界主要港口水域涉及的最新海图、相关法律法规、通航管理、引航、特殊航行要求以及区域自然环境等信息，结合航行实务，针对性地提出进出港航行建议和注意事项，极大地提高了船舶到港、进港的效率。想了解更多土耳其海峡附近港口情况，可拨打400-9208810进行咨询。